This may be common knowledge, but it took me by surprise when traveling — using international roaming is significantly slower than local SIMs.
Before my recent trip I set up Optus pre-paid and Felix SIMs with int'l roaming expecting that they would be good enough for my trip. The problem is that all roaming SIMs route your traffic back to Australia1 before going to the Internet. This is annoying because you get Australian results when searching for stuff overseas, but more importantly speeds are heavily neutered — on the Optus SIM I consistently struggled to get >1Mbps with full bars on 4G (with a global iPhone). Speeds were pretty bad the whole way through my trip in Europe and east Asia (Japan, Korea); I never saw a speed test over 5Mbps.
Felix (vodafone) tended to have better speeds than my Optus pre-paid service, but when I tried travel eSIMs from travel services (Airalo and Ubigi) my speeds were much better despite usually being connected to the same networks. (In Europe Airalo routes traffic via Amsterdam, and in east Asia Airalo and Ubigi go via Singapore.) I imagine actual local SIM cards would have even better speeds.
That being said, the speeds on Optus were still usually good enough to e.g. look up map directions, so if you're not phone addicted while traveling like I am then the Optus pre-paid deal may be the best roaming deal around.
tldr prefer travel/local SIMs instead of international roaming if speed is important for you
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I'm not sure if this is actually true, but you are definitely assigned an Aussie IP and speed/latency are definitely degraded ↩
same reason why there's no great firewall when you roam in china