I've tried a few ways, and currently use small ziplock bags - one cable per bag - categorised into boxes (video, audio, computer, power,…) but it takes too long to either write on the bag or to identify the connectors when looking for a cable. Bags becomes cloudy with friction against other bags too making it even harder to see.
Ideally something that lets you see all connectors of a cable at a glance yet neatly hides away the cable?
Try using toilet paper cardboard rolls when they are finished and sticking cables in them. You can put them in a shoe box and then you can see what cords they are with the hole pointing up. It is great for smaller cables like lightning cables and micro usb cables.