Just out of interest, have any Australian passport-holders here ever applied for a visa (China, Russia, India etc) and been rejected without any reason being given? [Assuming you're not a journalist, convicted criminal, activist etc]
I was surprised to read that for China, for example, the visa fee is non-refundable even if rejected. Which would doubly suck if you have non-refundable plane tickets as well (which have to be purchased before you apply for the visa).
My brother had his application rejected (which is weirder than it sounds because he had been studying in Australia in high school and he applied for student visa to continue his study in university, usually those visas are granted easily as the university vouches for you or something like that). That said, they don't have to give you any reasons whatsoever, as not granting a visa is what a country has all the rights to do. Something along the lines of that, or something that resembles that, was what I heard from people from embassy.
Though my brother never stopped to think "maybe I should check this with someone who knows about it", he've probably messed up somewhere. I'd rather let a monkey with an ink bottle tied to his hand to do my paperwork than letting him do it. Sorry if I sound bitter, he've pretty much messed everything that he was in charge of, even within the 1 year after he left, I had at least one major catastrophe with one of the things that I've asked him to do every 6 month (i.e. my insurance, which relates to my student visa, PC, housing etc etc).
Stopping myself digressing, yeah, rejection of visa application can be done, and is done to people, without giving any reasons to the applicants and from what I gather, it's a common practice. The visa fee was also non-refundable (that idiot costed my family north of $1,000 and almost $2,000).