going for a holiday in europe. from a purely financial perspective, which would result in less fees:
Bring AUD cash to europe and convert to Euros via money changers
Use my bank VISA/MASTERCARD debit card.
Assume for Option 2 I am using the citibank card which has no foreign exchange fees, otherwise other banks will charge 1% to 3%. However the rate is still 2-4% lower than the spot rate, so there is an implied "fee" there.
Whether or not Option 1 is superior depends on the money changer's margin relative to the spot rate. What are your experience, particularly in Italy?
EDIT: Mastercard/VISA actually offers spot rates so the only fee is the foreign exchange fee, making credit card withdrawals superior. I was looking at the bank's buy/sell foreign currency rates, hence an additional margin from spot rates
https://www.mastercard.com/global/currencyconversion/
is this right?
Open up a citibank plus account. No foreign exchange fee. Then just withdraw at ATMs.
http://www.citibank.com.au/plus3/index.htm
Usually always the cheapest option in any country that has ATMs that accept Visa.